SynthesisBMC medicine2026
The influence of immunohistochemistry-based subtypes on overall survival in breast cancer spine metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer spinal metastases present a growing clinical challenge, with survival outcomes varying significantly by immunohistochemistry-based subtype. Current prognostic models often overlook subtype-specific differences, potentially leading to suboptimal treatment decisions. This study aimed to establish the first comprehensive subtype-specific survival benchmarks for spinal metastases and to evaluate temporal trends in survival.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of survival outcomes following a predefined protocol (PROSPERO CRD42024580279). Eligible studies reported overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer spinal metastases, stratified by immunohistochemistry-based subtype: hormone receptor (HR +), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched (HER2 +), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Survival data were extracted from published figures with a digitizer program and then processed in R. The median OS was analyzed through pooled survival curves with 95% confidence intervals, compared via log-rank tests. To evaluate temporal trends, we performed era-stratified analyses (pre-2000, 2000-2019, post-2020) using chronological partitioning of study enrollment periods.
resultsAfter screening 2,348 records, we identified seven eligible cohorts comprising 672 patients. Analysis revealed significant survival differences among subtypes (log-rank p < 0.0001), with median OS of 28.9 months (95% CI 26.0-35.6; n = 347) for HR + , 43.7 months (31.9-48.7; n = 244) for HER2 + , and 10.7 months (8.9-19.2; n = 81) for TNBC (very low certainty of evidence for all outcomes). Temporal analysis of 4464 patients from 61 studies demonstrated significant survival improvements post-2020 (log-rank p < 0.0001).
conclusionsThis study establishes the first real-world unadjusted survival reference for subtypes in breast cancer spinal metastases, suggesting a potential survival advantage of HER2 + /HR + over HER2 + /HR - tumors. These findings underscore the essential role of subtyping in refining prognostic assessment for spinal metastases. Our findings demonstrate a temporal improvement in survival and highlight the persistent need for contemporary data in this rapidly evolving clinical landscape.
trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42024580279.
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