Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41723470›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

Cell membranes-encapsulated gadolinium-doped carbon dots for the efficient photothermal and immunotherapeutic synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Wenhui Dong, Yingying Wei, Chenyue Cao, Hongkai Mu, Shizhao Zhou, Yueyong Xiao, Yongzhen Yang, Lin Chen, Shiping Yu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wenhui Dong *Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Yingying Wei *Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Chenyue CaoMedical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Hongkai MuDepartment of Interventional Therapy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Shizhao ZhouMedical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Yueyong XiaoDepartment of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
Yongzhen YangKey Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China. yangyongzhen@tyut.edu.cn.
Lin ChenKey Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China. chenlin01@tyut.edu.cn.
Shiping YuDepartment of Interventional Therapy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, China. yushiping@sxmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Four "Batches" Innovation Project of Invigorating Medical through Science and Technology of Shanxi Province 2023XM012Graduate Practice Innovation Project in Shanxi Province 2025SJ023National Natural Science Foundation of China 82172048Science and Education Cultivation Fund of the National Cancer and Regional Medical Center of Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital TD2023003, BD2023004, QH2023013Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Special Project of Shanxi Province 202304041101002Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Special Project of Shanxi Province 202304041101030Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Controlled and Sustained Release of Nano-drugs 202104010911026Shanxi Scholarship Council of China 2022-039Shanxi Scholarship Council of China 2024-058
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a predominant subtype of liver cancer, is witnessing a rising global incidence and urgently demands the development of innovative nanoplatforms that integrate precise therapeutic and immune regulatory functions. To address the limitations of conventional monotherapies, which often suffer from inadequate tumor targeting, insufficient efficacy, and limited immune activation, this study employs a "biomimetic targeting-synergy therapy" approach. We have engineered a composite system consisting of gadolinium-doped carbon dots (Gd-CDs) enveloped with hepatocellular carcinoma cell membranes (HCM), thereby imparting homologous targeting capabilities and immune activation properties. This Gd-CDs@HCM system facilitates photothermal immunotherapy, guided by bimodal fluorescence (FL) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Upon laser irradiation, Gd-CDs@HCM can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. The tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during ICD collaboratively enhance systemic anti-tumor immunity in conjunction with HCM, achieving a primary tumor ablation rate of 84.9% and inhibiting tumor progression. Consequently, this research offers an innovative strategy for real-time monitoring and precise synergistic treatment of HCC by utilizing FL/MR bimodal imaging and integrating bionic targeting, localized thermal ablation, and immune activation functions.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularCell MembraneGadoliniumImmunotherapyLiver NeoplasmsPhotothermal TherapyAnimalsCarbonCarbon Quantum DotsCell Line, TumorHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMiceMice, Inbred BALB CCarbonGadoliniumCell membranesGadolinium-doped carbon dotsHepatocellular carcinomaPhotothermal immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41723470
PMCPMC12967015

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.