Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41723147›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Soft photo-ionotronics.

Xu Liu, Steven M Adelmund, Shahriar Safaee, Wenyang Pan, Thomas J Wallin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xu LiuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Steven M AdelmundReality Labs at Meta, Redmond, WA, USA.
Shahriar SafaeeReality Labs at Meta, Redmond, WA, USA.
Wenyang PanReality Labs at Meta, Redmond, WA, USA.
Thomas J WallinDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. tjwallin@mit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7867-0114

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to control the movement of charged species in the circuitry of living beings and machines is essential for complex signal processing, computation, and, ultimately, higher functionality. We describe a class of photo-ion generators (PIGs) based on non-ionic photoacids that can create large (> 1000x) irreversible changes in ionic conductivity under illumination, depending on the PIG species, concentration, and solvent. Incorporation of PIGs into elastomers by simple swelling methods yields soft (60 kPa ≤ E ≤ 10 MPa), stretchable, photo-ionic gels (PIGels). The resolution of photo-patterned conductivity in PIGels is less than 1 cm and demonstrates stability over several days, suggesting utility in engineered devices. Leveraging the photo-responsive properties of these materials, we demonstrate high-sensitivity mechanical sensors via conductance changes ([∆G/G

Identifiers

PMID41723147
PMCPMC13039204

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.