Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41723126›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Pattern-enhanced Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering for Operando monitoring of electrochemical solid-liquid interfaces.

Haoyi Li, Kas Andrle, Qi Zhang, Isvar A Cordova, Yao Yang, Zhengxing Peng, Feipeng Yang, Guillaume Freychet, Scott Dhuey, Alexander Hexemer and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Haoyi Li *Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-8068
Kas Andrle *Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Qi Zhang *Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-7605
Isvar A Cordova *Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-9301
Yao YangDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-3792
Zhengxing PengMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-1158
Feipeng YangAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Guillaume FreychetAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Scott DhueyMolecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Alexander HexemerAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Brett A HelmsMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-4174
Weilun ChaoMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-370X
Bruno La FontaineMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Ricardo RuizMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-4281
Jinghua GuoAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-2172
Wanli YangAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-8063
Junko YanoLiquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-9071
Cheng WangMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. cwang2@lbl.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-5471

Funding

DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (BES) DE-AC02-05CH11231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unveiling interfaces at sub-nanometer scales is essential for advancing the understanding of complex chemical transformations. However, characterizing solid-liquid interfaces with high dimensional sensitivity and temporal resolution remains challenging, due to their dynamic nature and inaccessibility by conventional probes. Here we present an approach, Pattern-enhanced Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering, to overcome the challenges. Rooted in a "sample-as-optics" philosophy, this technique utilizes precisely engineered line-grating nanopatterns to modulate near-field X-ray illumination, coherently enhancing scattering signals from the line-gratings. We implement the method using Ni line-grating nanopatterns in electrochemical water oxidation. The periodic nanostructures serve as diffractive optical elements to reveal the Ni oxidation gradients and structural dynamics at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Finite-element simulations corroborate the observed trends by modeling variations in compositions and structures during electrocatalysis. Through integrating advanced sample design with coherent wave nature of soft X-rays, our approach opens accessible pathways to operando exploring chemical evolution and sub-nanometer dimensional variations simultaneously in electrochemical systems. This non-destructive method is efficient and element-specific, making it valuable for probing chemical and dimensional dynamics with appropriate modeling.

Identifiers

PMID41723126
PMCPMC13035926

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.