Multi-species integration, alignment and annotation of single-cell RNA-seq data with CAMEX.

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from multiple species present remarkable opportunities to explore cellular origins and evolution. However, integrating and annotating scRNA-seq data across different species remains challenging due to the variations in sequencing techniques, ambiguity of homologous relationships, and limited biological knowledge. To tackle the above challenges, we introduce CAMEX, a heterogeneous Graph Neural Network (GNN) tool that leverages many-to-many homologous relationships for multi-species integration, alignment, and annotation of scRNA-seq data from multiple species. Notably, CAMEX outperforms state-of-the-art methods integration on various cross-species benchmarking datasets (ranging from one to eleven species). Besides, CAMEX facilitates the alignment of diverse species across different developmental stages, significantly enhancing our understanding of organ and organism origins. Furthermore, CAMEX enables the detection of species-specific cell types and marker genes through cell and gene embedding. In short, CAMEX holds the potential to provide invaluable insights into how evolutionary forces operate across different species at single-cell resolution.