Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41723114›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Single-cell multiomic human brain atlas reveals regulatory drivers of cortical regionality.

Carter R Palmer, Jinghui Song, Bing Yang, Chien-Ju Chen, Dinh Diep, Kimberly Conklin, Nongluk Plongthongkum, Hannah S Indralingam, Christine S Liu, Joshua Kurtz and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Carter R Palmer *Center for Neurological Diseases, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jinghui Song *Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-7977
Bing Yang *Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Chien-Ju Chen *Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Dinh DiepDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kimberly ConklinDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nongluk PlongthongkumDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Hannah S IndralingamDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Christine S LiuCenter for Neurological Diseases, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-4612
Joshua KurtzCenter for Neurological Diseases, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-8813
Qiwen HuDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Linnea RansomCenter for Neurological Diseases, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Anis ShahnaeeCenter for Neurological Diseases, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Annie HinikerDepartment of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Rebecca D HodgeAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-9668
C Dirk KeeneDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-1469
Ed LeinAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-6552
Peter KharchenkoDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nathan R ZemkeDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nzemke@health.ucsd.edu.
Jerold ChunCenter for Neurological Diseases, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. jchun@SBPdiscovery.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-0921
Bing RenDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. bren@nygenome.org.
Kun ZhangDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. kzhang@altoslabs.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-5224

Funding

Toward a human adult brain cell atlas with single-cell technologiesU01MH114828 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CHUN, JEROLD, REN, BING · 2018 to 2022
$8.7M
Altered reverse transcriptase-dependent gene diversification mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease brainsR01AG065541 · NIA · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI CHUN, JEROLD · 2020 to 2024
$4.8M
Transformative research on somatic gene recombination in the normal and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia brainR01AG071465 · NIA · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI CHUN, JEROLD · 2020 to 2024
$4.6M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG065541NIA NIH HHS R01 AG071465U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) U01MH114828
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Distinct regional functionality of the human cortex is orchestrated by diverse cellular and molecular processes, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. We performed multiomic single-cell and spatial characterization of nine regions of the human cortex to define the gene regulatory networks and transcription factors that govern cell-type and region specificity. With the combined data of over three million cells, two striking patterns of cortical neuron specialization were uncovered: a rostral-caudal spatial pattern of calcium regulatory machinery, and subunit switching of multiple signaling receptor families across the transmodal-sensory axis. Gene regulatory network analysis revealed putative transcriptional regulators of cortical neuron specialization with cell-type- and region-specific gene regulation patterns. While regionalization was observed in gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and spatial distributions, these modalities exhibited distinct cortical patterns. Our findings illuminate critical neuronal pathways that vary throughout the cortex and the gene regulatory networks that establish cortical regionalization in the human brain.

Indexed as

BrainCerebral CortexSingle-Cell AnalysisGene Expression RegulationGene Regulatory NetworksHumansMultiomicsNeuronsSingle-Cell Gene Expression AnalysisTranscription FactorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID41723114
PMCPMC13039890

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.