Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41722338›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics sonochemistry2026

Bubble coalescence and dissolution effects on sonochemical activity in pulsed wave ultrasound systems.

Marc C Nolan, Haleigh A Fernandez, Amanda N Cowen, Fallon R Fuller, Linda K Weavers

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Marc C NolanEnvironmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Haleigh A FernandezEnvironmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Ohio Water Resources Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Amanda N CowenDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Fallon R FullerDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Linda K WeaversEnvironmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Ohio Water Resources Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: weavers.1@osu.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pulsed wave (PW) ultrasound offers a promising alternative to continuous wave (CW) ultrasound for contaminant degradation, yet the mechanisms governing PW sonochemical effectiveness remains underexplored. This study investigates the relative influence of bubble coalescence and dissolution on sonochemical activity in PW systems using calorimetry, terephthalate (TA) dosimetry, and the capillary method. Experiments were conducted at 337 kHz with 10 and 100 ms on-times with varying off-times and surfactant concentrations using fluorotelomer sulfonates (FtS) of differing chain lengths. Calorimetry and hydroxyterephthalate (HTA) fluorescence consistently showed less sonochemical activity with increasing off-times. However, bubble coalescence, measured by the capillary method, decreased with increasing off-times. These findings, taken together, indicate that bubble dissolution, rather than coalescence, is the dominant factor limiting sonochemical efficiency in PW systems. In the presence of FtS and compared to CW systems, PW did not affect bubble coalescence, suggesting surfactants affect bubble coalescence similarly in CW and PW systems. Finally, calorimetry proved to be a reliable, chemical-free dosimeter for assessing cavitation activity, offering a practical alternative to traditional dosimeters.

Indexed as

Bubble coalescenceBubble dissolutionCalorimetryFluorotelomer sulfonatesPulsed Wave UltrasoundSonochemical activity

Identifiers

PMID41722338
PMCPMC12945590

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.