Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41722003›Full record

ReviewInfection2026

Targeting antimicrobial resistance through vaccinology: a review of preclinical and clinical pipeline vaccines against WHO priority bacterial pathogens.

Helal F Hetta, Zinab Alatawi, Salwa Q Bukhari, Ali M Atoom, Noura H Abd Ellah, Yasmin N Ramadan

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Helal F HettaDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. hhussen@ut.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-7304
Zinab AlatawiDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, 47512, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Salwa Q BukhariDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-5454
Ali M AtoomFaculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-4253
Noura H Abd EllahDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
Yasmin N RamadanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7374-9334

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical and escalating global health threat, with resistant bacterial infections contributing to millions of deaths annually. While the development of novel antibiotics remains essential, preventive strategies, particularly vaccination, offer a sustainable and underutilized approach to mitigating AMR. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of vaccine development efforts targeting bacterial pathogens listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 Priority Pathogens report.

methodsWe systematically analyzed both preclinical and clinical-stage vaccine candidates, focusing on platform technologies, antigen selection strategies, and pathogen-specific challenges.

resultsAdvances in mRNA platforms, outer membrane vesicles, reverse vaccinology, and structure-guided antigen design are accelerating vaccine development. However, significant challenges persist, including antigenic diversity, limited correlates of protection, and regulatory complexity.

conclusionVaccination represents a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic use and limit resistance prevalence. By integrating current pipeline data with AMR reduction frameworks, this review provides an updated resource to guide vaccine design, investment prioritization, and global AMR control strategies.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacterial InfectionsBacterial VaccinesDrug Resistance, BacterialVaccine DevelopmentVaccinologyAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsHumansReverse VaccinologyWorld Health OrganizationAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial VaccinesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR)mRNA and novel vaccine platformsPreclinical and clinical vaccinesVaccine pipelineWHO priority pathogens

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.