ArticleJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2026
Effects of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) on Development and Bone Mineralization in Zebrafish Larvae.
Article in Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) and a common substitute for legacy PFAS, has been detected in human cord serum, raising concerns about its potential developmental toxicity. However, its effects on skeletal development remain inadequately characterized. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFBS (0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 ng/mL) until 8 days postfertilization (dpf). A dexamethasone (DEX, 10 μg/mL) group served as a positive control for osteotoxicity. Developmental endpoints were monitored, and bone mineralization was assessed via calcein staining. The expression of osteogenesis-related (alp, runx2, and bmp2b) and osteoclastogenesis-related (acp5, ctsk, and mmp9) genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. PFBS exposure did not significantly affect survival or hatching rates but induced subtle morphological abnormalities, including tail curvature and pericardial edema in a small subset of larvae. A significant, dose-dependent decrease in heart rate was observed at 72 hpf. Calcein staining revealed that PFBS significantly reduced cranial bone mineralization area and vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) in a concentration-dependent manner. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that PFBS exposure downregulated key osteogenic markers (alp, runx2, and bmp2b) and upregulated osteoclastogenic markers (acp5, ctsk, and mmp9), suggesting a disruption of the bone remodeling balance. Environmental levels of PFBS can induce cardiotoxicity and disrupt bone mineralization in developing zebrafish larvae. The underlying mechanism may involve the inhibition of osteogenesis and promotion of osteoclastogenesis. These findings highlight the potential skeletal developmental risks associated with PFBS exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.