ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Determination of TH1 and TH2 cytokine polarization according to parturition type in dairy cows.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe study aimed to determine the polarization of T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokines in cows during normal parturition and dystocia.
methodsWe utilized 180 cows divided into two groups – normal parturition (NP) and dystocia (D). During the second stage of parturition, blood samples were taken from the cows.
resultsWe then measured the concentrations of Th1 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin (IL)-2,) and Th2 (IL-5, IL-10, IL-4) cytokines in both groups using a commercial ELISA kit (Bio-Tek Instruments; USCN Life Science). Normality analysis was performed between the two groups, then independent t-test was performed for data that met parametric assumptions, while Mann Whitney U test was performed for data that did not meet parametric assumptions. Our findings indicate that the levels of TNF-α (67.20 ± 9.95 pg/mL), IL-2 (519.55 ± 60.15 pg/mL), IL-5 (151.33 ± 94.28 pg/mL) (P˂0.001); IL-4 (915.84 ± 53.56 pg/mL), IL-10 (298.70 ± 19.80 pg/mL) (P˂0.01) in the D group significantly decreased in comparison to the NP group. The study found no significant difference in serum IFN-γ levels between the NP and D groups. (P˃0.05).
conclusionsIn analyzing the Th1/Th2 polarization balance in cows with NP, it concluded that this balance shifted towards Th2. As a result, it was derived that boosting humoral immunity would be apt, by implementing measures in this direction.
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