ArticleAnnals of general psychiatry2026
The bidirectional effects of hemorrhoids, depression, and anxiety: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.
Article in Annals of general psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study examines the bidirectional association between hemorrhoidal disease and mental health conditions, specifically depression and anxiety. While a plausible connection exists, research on their interplay is limited.
methodsUsing data from the UK Biobank (until March 2024), this prospective study analyzed two cohorts: 48,620 participants in the hemorrhoids-to-mental disorder cohort and 87,310 in the mental disorder-to-hemorrhoids cohort. Analyses were adjusted for multiple sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates, including age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic indicators, and comorbidities. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazards models in conjunction with propensity score matching to estimate associations, assessing risk within 5 years, within 10 years, and over long-term follow-up.
resultsFully adjusted models revealed significant associations between hemorrhoidal disease and mental disorders. A diagnosis of hemorrhoidal disease was associated with a higher risk of subsequent depression (HR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.46-1.66]) and anxiety (HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.46-1.66]). Conversely, a diagnosis of depression was associated with an increased risk of subsequent hemorrhoidal disease (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.09-1.19]), as was a diagnosis of anxiety (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.38-1.54]).
conclusionThis study identifies a significant bidirectional association between hemorrhoidal disease and mental health conditions. Notably, the interaction between smoking and anxiety highlights a subgroup at elevated risk that may benefit from closer clinical attention. These findings support an integrated care perspective that considers both gastrointestinal and mental health conditions, while acknowledging that causal inferences cannot be definitively established from observational data.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.