ArticleBMC oral health2026
Effect of eggshell nanoparticles and fluoride varnish, with and without diode laser, on dentinal tubule occlusion (An in vitro study).
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDentine hypersensitivity is a common clinical condition, affecting between 4% and 69% of the adult population. Management strategies are based on occluding patent dentinal tubules to reduce dentinal fluid movement. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano eggshell and fluoride varnish, alone and combined with diode laser, on dentinal tubule occlusion using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
methodsForty sound human maxillary premolars were sectioned to expose mid-coronal dentine and etched with 37% phosphoric acid to simulate hypersensitive dentine. Samples were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 8): Group 1 (nano eggshell), Group 2 (fluoride varnish), Group 3 (nano eggshell + diode laser), Group 4 (fluoride varnish + diode laser), and Group 5 (control). Nano eggshell and fluoride varnish were applied daily for seven consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 received 940 nm diode laser irradiation after completing the 7-day treatment protocol. Group 5 received no treatment. All samples were analyzed using SEM and EDX to assess dentinal tubule occlusion and calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test with significance set at P ≤ 0.05.
resultsAll treatment groups exhibited significantly lower percentages of patent dentinal tubules and higher Ca/P ratios than the control (P < 0.0001). Group 3 (nano eggshell + laser) exhibited the lowest percentage of patent tubules (0.65 ± 0.14%), followed by Group 1 (nano eggshell, 2.33 ± 0.21%), Group 4 (fluoride + laser, 3.84 ± 0.67%), Group 2 (fluoride, 6.73 ± 0.55%), while Group 5 (control) showed the highest percentage (12.95 ± 1.39%). The Ca/P ratio was highest in Group 3 (1.755 ± 0.1226), followed by Groups 1, 4, and 2, respectively, with the control group showing the lowest ratio (0.603 ± 0.09096).
conclusionsAll tested treatments significantly reduced the percentage of patent dentinal tubules and increased Ca/P ratios compared to the control group. The combination of nano eggshell with diode laser demonstrated the highest efficacy. Nano eggshell-based treatments outperformed fluoride varnish, presenting a promising, biocompatible, and cost-effective approach for dentine hypersensitivity management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.