ArticleBMC public health2026
Clinic-based prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and associated visual impairment: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 3.6 million outpatients in Mexico.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Refractive Error and Visual Function in Children Under Non-cycloplegic Screening Conditions.Journal of primary care & community healthObservational
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUncorrected refractive errors (UREs) are the predominant cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, despite the availability of eyeglasses as a cost-effective intervention. Sociocultural factors, including restricted access to healthcare and inadequate self-care education, exacerbate the burden of UREs. There is a paucity of studies evaluating UREs in Mexico with comprehensive national coverage across various age groups. This clinic-based study aimed to assess the profile of UREs and associated visual impairment (VI) in Mexico using a substantial sample of individuals seeking care at a large nationwide outpatient network.
methodsWe evaluated UREs and URE-related VI by analyzing eye examination data from 3.6 million outpatients who attended Salud Digna clinics in 2024.
resultsThe national clinic-based prevalence of UREs was 26.5% (980,718 affected individuals, 95% CI:26.5%-26.59%), highest in Baja California Sur state (6,515 affected individuals, 43.8%, 95% CI:42.99%-44.59%), among males aged 40-49 years (71,002 affected individuals, 34.1%, 95% CI:33.91%-34.32%), and females under 10 years (17,132 affected individuals, 32.3%, 95% CI:31.88%-32.67%). Clinic-based prevalence of uncorrected astigmatism, uncorrected hyperopia, uncorrected hyperopia-astigmatism, uncorrected myopia, and uncorrected myopia-astigmatism were 1.3% (48,978 affected individuals, 95% CI:1.31%-1.34%), 10.2% (376,701 affected individuals, 95% CI:10.16%-10.23%), 1.7% (61,171 affected individuals, 95% CI:1.64%-1.67%), 6.4% (235,285 affected individuals, 95% CI:6.34%-6.39%), and 7% (258,583 affected individuals, 95% CI:6.97%-7.02%), with highest rates in Tlaxcala (444 affected individuals, 3.9%, 95% CI:3.54%-4.26%), Tabasco (10,235 affected individuals, 20%, 95% CI:19.66%-20.35%), Baja California Sur (673 affected individuals, 4.5%, 95% CI:4.2%-4.87%), Zacatecas (3,149 affected individuals, 10.2%, 95% CI:9.85%-10.52%), and Tlaxcala (1,504 affected individuals, 13.17%, 95% CI:12.55%-13.8%). The national URE-related VI clinic-based prevalence was 0.89% (32,962 affected individuals, 95% CI:0.88%-0.9%), highest in Hidalgo state (527 affected individuals, 1.8%, 95% CI:1.63%-1.93%) and among those over 80 years (1,457 affected males, 6%, 95% CI:5.97%-6.59%; 2,206 affected females, 5.8%, 5.83%-6.33%). The national clinic-based prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment was 0.62% (22,858 affected individuals, 95% CI:0.61%-0.63%), 0.26% (9,683, 95% CI:0.26%-0.27%), and 0.01% (421 affected individuals, 95% CI:0.01%-0.01%).
conclusionsThis outpatient-based study highlights the clinic-based prevalence of UREs and related VI in Mexico, emphasizing the need for improved access to eye care services.
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