Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41721158›Full record

Observational studyClinical oral investigations2026

Biological and clinical responses to dense and expanded PTFE membranes in alveolar ridge preservation: A prospective non-randomized cohort study with ex vivo analyses.

Shahad Almudhi, Ibrahem AlSuhimi, Khalid Almas, Faisal E Aljofi, Eman AlJoghaiman, Abdulkareem Alhumaidan, Omar Omar

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shahad AlmudhiFellowship in Periodontics Program, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Ibrahem AlSuhimiFellowship in Prosthodontics Program, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid AlmasDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal E AljofiDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Eman AlJoghaimanDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulkareem AlhumaidanDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Omar OmarDepartment of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia. omomar@iau.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-1294

Funding

Research, Development, and Innovation Authority (RDIA), Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 12949-iau-2023-iau-R-3-1-HW
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesNonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, including dense (d-PTFE) and expanded (e-PTFE) types, are commonly utilized in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). However, their differential effects on clinical healing remain unclear. This observational ex vivo and clinical study aimed to compare inflammatory and regenerative responses of cells adhering to retrieved d-PTFE and e-PTFE membranes and to link these responses to clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND

methodsExpanded and dense PTFE membranes, routinely retrieved from ARP-treated patients, were cultured ex vivo under inflammatory and regenerative conditions. We measured cell viability and cytokine levels (TGF-β and IL-6) using cell counting and ELISA. Clinical wound healing was assessed three weeks post-surgery, and bone preservation was evaluated radiographically three months post-ARP.

resultsCells adherent to d-PTFE showed higher viability, lower secretion of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and higher levels of regenerative factor TGF-β compared to e-PTFE. Clinically, d-PTFE was associated with superior soft tissue healing scores and fewer inflammatory signs. Both membrane types effectively preserved bone, though e-PTFE demonstrated a trend toward better maintenance of crestal bone.

conclusiond-PTFE membranes appear superior to e-PTFE in reducing early soft tissue inflammation and enhancing healing during ARP. However, both membranes are similarly effective at bone maintenance. Further studies with longer follow-up are warranted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present findings highlight the translational potential of membrane selection in clinical practice, suggesting that clinicians can leverage each membrane's unique biologic effects to meet specific treatment objectives.

Indexed as

Alveolar Ridge AugmentationMembranes, ArtificialPolytetrafluoroethyleneCell SurvivalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansInterleukin-6MaleProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeWound HealingInterleukin-6Membranes, ArtificialPolytetrafluoroethyleneAlveolar ridge preservationCytokinesDense PTFE (d-PTFE)Expanded PTFE (e-PTFE)InflammationPTFE membranesSoft tissue healing

Identifiers

PMID41721158

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.