ArticleCurrent allergy and asthma reports2026
Standardization of Nasal Cytology: An Expert-based Delphi Consensus.
Article in Current allergy and asthma reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nasal Cytology in Precision Rhinology: From Local Cellular Phenotyping to Personalized Management of Nasal Inflammatory Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Toward a Cytological Classification of Nasal Biofilms in Upper Airway Inflammation: Microscopic Patterns, Clinical Meaning, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- From tissue eosinophilia to cellular phenotyping in precision rhinology.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Local inflammation as a determinant of recurrence in CRSwNP: the clinical value of nasal cytology.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- Nasal Cytology as a Local Biomarker of Airway Inflammation: A Paradigm Shift in Precision Medicine.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Article
- Nasal Cytology as a Complementary Cellular Window in Severe Asthma Phenotyping: Comments on the BRISA Study [Letter].Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- From nasal cytology to cellular endotyping: mast cell-eosinophil interactions and overlapping inflammation in allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewStandardization of the methodological and interpretative criteria for nasal citology through a structured expert consensus. Using a modified Delphi process, 100 members of the Italian Academy of Nasal Cytology (AICNA)—including allergists, otorhinolaryngologists, and pulmonologists—participated in three iterative rounds of evaluation of 30 statements addressing sampling, staining, microscopic assessment, and clinical interpretation. RECENT
findingsThis consensus represents the first expert-based standardisation of nasal cytology methodology and interpretation, providing a robust framework for clinical and research applications. Nasal cytology is a simple, minimally invasive, and reproducible diagnostic technique that enables direct assessment of nasal epithelial and inflammatory cells. Despite its increasing use in the diagnosis and follow-up of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, methodological variability has hindered its full standardisation. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% agreement, using a likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, where scores > 3 indicated agreement. After three rounds, full or partial consensus was achieved for all 30 statements, confirming nasal cytology as a reliable, repeatable, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for assessing nasal inflammation. The consensus also established essential procedural standards, including sampling from the inferior turbinate, May–Grünwald–Giemsa staining, and semi-quantitative analysis of 50 microscopic fields. Moreover, the experts recognised nasal cytology as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, and as a supporting instrument in precision medicine.
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