ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2026
Dwelling Form and Heat-Related Well-Being in a Semi-Arid City: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Apartment and Detached-House Residents in Irbid, Jordan.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rising heat-wave frequency and strong urban-heat-island (UHI) effects threaten thermal comfort and health in Jordan's fast-growing cities. While engineering studies suggest that multi-storey apartments trap more heat than detached houses, resident-centred evidence is lacking. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 766 adults (378 apartments, 388 detached-house residents) in Greater Irbid Municipality during the June-July 2025 heat season. Instruments captured (i) UHI perceptions, (ii) perceived effectiveness of passive-cooling design features, (iii) mental and physical heat-related health outcomes (PHQ-2, GAD-2, PSS-4, heat-specific sleep and symptom items), and (iv) coping strategies and psychosocial resources. Group differences were tested with independent-samples t-tests. Apartment dwellers reported a stronger neighbourhood UHI (mean 3.44 ± 0.95 vs 3.12 ± 0.95, p < 0.001, d = 0.33) and judged surrounding trees/shade and natural ventilation less effective (Δ ≈ 0.17-0.29 scale units, p ≤ 0.01). They also showed higher perceived stress (PSS-4 8.40 ± 1.35 vs 8.01 ± 1.63, p < 0.001, d = 0.30), shorter sleep duration, and poorer global sleep quality (p ≤ 0.003, d ≈ 0.22). Depression, anxiety, 13 heat-related physical symptoms, coping profiles, and service-stigma indicators were statistically indistinguishable between dwelling types. Living in an Irbid apartment confers a modest psychosocial heat burden-elevated stress and compromised sleep-linked more to perceived shading and ventilation deficits than to housing form alone. Targeted greening, façade reflectance, and cross-ventilation retrofits around apartment blocks could yield meaningful well-being gains without major energy penalties in Jordan's semi-arid urban fabric.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.