Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41721136›Full record

ArticleNature cancer2026

Erythrocyte-anti-PD1 conjugates in persons with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD1/PDL1: preclinical characterization and results of a phase 1 trial.

Xiaoqian Nie, Yuehua Liu, Xingyun Yao, Qi Zhang, Yanjie Huang, Kurban Mattursun, Yuxiong Feng, Tingbo Liang, Liu Yang, Xiaofei Gao

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase I
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06026605 (A MulticenterOpen LableDose Escalat Tion and Dose Expansion Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerance and Ini Itial Effectiveness of WTX212A Injection in Patients with Unresectable or Metasta Atic Advanced Solid Tumors), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06026605 early_phase1recruitingnot on this map

A MulticenterOpen LableDose Escalat Tion and Dose Expansion Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerance and Ini Itial Effectiveness of WTX212A Injection in Patients with Unresectable or Metasta Atic Advanced Solid Tumors

TypeinterventionalSponsorZhejiang UniversityRan2023 to 2026Enrolled44ConditionsUnresectable or Metastatic Advanced Solid TumorsArmsWTX212A
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Splenic PD-L1Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiaoqian Nie *School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuehua Liu *Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Xingyun Yao *Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Qi ZhangThe Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Yanjie HuangSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Kurban MattursunWestlake Therapeutics, Hangzhou, China.
Yuxiong FengInstitute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. yxfeng@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-4448
Tingbo LiangThe Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. liangtingbo@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-3353
Liu YangDepartment of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China. yangliu@hmc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-312X
Xiaofei GaoKey Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China. gaoxiaofei@westlake.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-7421

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 81973993
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, most persons do not benefit because of inadequate efficacy, primary or acquired resistance and/or immune-related toxicities. Here we developed an erythrocyte-antibody conjugate in which anti-PD1 antibodies are covalently linked to erythrocyte membranes (αPD1-Ery). Unlike conventional antibodies, αPD1-Ery accumulates in the spleen, where it remodels the immune landscape by expanding effector T cells and reducing immunosuppressive myeloid cells. These changes reprogram the tumor microenvironment and suppress tumor growth in syngeneic mouse models. We conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 clinical trial of αPD1-Ery monotherapy in persons with advanced cancers resistant to prior anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy ( NCT06026605 ). The primary objective was safety; secondary objectives included efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity. A total of 14 participants were enrolled, with 7 receiving 2 × 10

Indexed as

ErythrocytesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunoconjugatesNeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAdultAgedAnimalsB7-H1 AntigenDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleHumansMaleMiceMiddle AgedTumor MicroenvironmentB7-H1 AntigenCD274 protein, humanImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunoconjugatesPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptor

Identifiers

PMID41721136

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.