Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41721116›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2026

Fraisinib in a Shell: Liposomal Encapsulation of a GARS1 Inhibitor for Controlled Anticancer Delivery.

Stefano Boetti, Ilaria Andreana, Barbara Rolando, Federico Cesano, Maela Manzoli, Paola Milla, Chiara Riganti, Franz H Kohnke, Camillo Rosano, Silvia Arpicco

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Stefano BoettiDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3176-6282
Ilaria AndreanaDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-3667
Barbara RolandoDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-1503
Federico CesanoDepartment of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-4738
Maela ManzoliDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-7939
Paola MillaDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-4161
Chiara RigantiDepartment of Oncology, Interdepartmental Center of Molecular Biotechnology "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Via Nizza 44, Turin, 10126, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-4836
Franz H KohnkeDepartment CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-8495
Camillo RosanoProteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa, 16132, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-9215
Silvia ArpiccoDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy. silvia.arpicco@unito.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-6591

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fraisinib, a meso-(4-acetamidophenyl)-meso-hepta(methyl)calix[4]pyrrole derivative, has shown promising anticancer activity by targeting glycyl-tRNA synthetase, an emerging molecular target in oncology. However, its hydrophobic nature limits solubility in aqueous media and systemic administration, posing challenges for its clinical translation. To improve its solubility and anticancer efficacy, Fraisinib was encapsulated into biodegradable and biocompatible liposomes. In this study, different phospholipids were tested to find the optimal formulation to prepare Fraisinib-loaded liposomes that were fully characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and release profile. Liposomes, mainly composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (DSPC), a lipid with high transition temperature, provided enhanced stability under physiological conditions, improving drug retention and controlled release. DSPC-based liposomes enabled the efficient encapsulation of Fraisinib at a 6% molar ratio, with high entrapment efficiency (~ 90%), mean particle size of 142 nm, and a stable zeta potential of -32 mV. The liposomal formulation exhibited a sustained and time-dependent release profile, with around 50% of the drug released over 72 h in buffer, and an accelerated release in serum (55% of the drug released in 48 h). In A549 cancer cells, Fraisinib-loaded liposomes induced a delayed cytotoxic effect consistent with controlled release, highlighting their potential to optimize pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that liposomal Fraisinib holds promise as a nanomedicine candidate for future clinical application in cancer therapy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsLiposomesPyrrolesChemistry, PharmaceuticalDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CompoundingDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationDrug StabilityHumansParticle SizeSolubilityAntineoplastic AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsLiposomesPyrrolescalixpyrrolecancercontrolled releaseFraisinibliposomes

Identifiers

PMID41721116

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.