Evaluation of Critical Quality Attributes of Topical Foam Formulations.

Srinath Rangappa, Srinivas Ajjarapu, Vijay Kumar Shankar, Anandavalli Varadarajan, Santanu Kundu, S Narasimha Murthy

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Srinath RangappaTopical Products Testing LLC, Batesville, Mississippi, 38606, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-7655

Srinivas AjjarapuDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-5603

Vijay Kumar ShankarDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-3251

Anandavalli VaradarajanSchool of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-6173

Santanu KunduSchool of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-0512

S Narasimha MurthyTopical Products Testing LLC, Batesville, Mississippi, 38606, USA. Murthygroup@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-8743

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Topical foams are widely utilized in dermatology for both cosmetic and therapeutic purposes, owing to their superior spreadability, ease of application over large skin areas, and enhanced patient compliance. As with other topical products, generic foams must exhibit physicochemical properties comparable to their reference listed drug (RLD or innovator products) to establish pharmaceutical equivalence. However, foams possess distinct characteristics that set them apart from other topical formulations. This study aimed to develop and evaluate characterization methods specific to topical foams. A clobetasol propionate 0.05% hydro-alcoholic solution type foam, Olux (RLD), and its generic were used as model foams to develop characterization methods. Critical quality attributes such as pH, In-vitro drying study, time-to-break, foam firmness, work of adhesion, and rheological properties were characterized. The results showed no significant differences in quality attributes between the generic and RLD foams. This study clearly demonstrates the utility of simple, effective characterization techniques for assessing the similarity between generic foam products and their RLD counterparts.

Indexed as

Chemistry, PharmaceuticalPharmaceutical VehiclesAdministration, TopicalClobetasolDrug CompoundingDrugs, GenericHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRheologyTherapeutic EquivalencyClobetasolDrugs, GenericPharmaceutical VehiclesbioavailabilitycharacterizationCQAevaporationUSFDA

Identifiers

PMID41721078

DOI10.3390/polym10040392

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.