Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41720094›Full record

ArticleCell host & microbe2026

An image-based transcriptomics atlas reveals the regional and microbiota-dependent molecular, cellular, and spatial structure of the murine gut.

Rosalind J Xu, Hao Zhang, Paolo Cadinu, Phillip B Nicol, Uli S Herrmann, Tyrone Lee, Ludwig Geistlinger, Rafael A Irizarry, Jeffrey R Moffitt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell host & microbe, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rosalind J XuProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Hao ZhangProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Paolo CadinuProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Phillip B NicolDepartment of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Uli S HerrmannProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tyrone LeeCore for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Ludwig GeistlingerCore for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Rafael A IrizarryDepartment of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Jeffrey R MoffittProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address: jeffrey.moffitt@childrens.harvard.edu.

Funding

STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ALIMENTARY TRACTP30DK034854 · NIDDK · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI JONATHAN C KAGAN · 1986 to 2026
$32.4M
Data Analysis Tools for Emerging High-Throughput TechnologiesR35GM131802 · NIGMS · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI Rafael Angel Irizarry · 2019 to 2026
$4.1M
Rapid, Robust, and Routine: Multiplexed Microscopy for Spatially Resolved Whole-Transcriptomic Single-Cell Profiling and the Construction of Cell Atlases of all Tissues and in all OrganismsR01GM143277 · NIGMS · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI MOFFITT, JEFFREY · 2021 to 2024
$1.6M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK034854NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM143277NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM131802
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gastrointestinal environment is home to a massive diversity of diet-, host-, and microbiota-derived small molecules, collectively sensed by a remarkable variety of cells. To explore the cellular and spatial organization of sensation, we use MERFISH to profile receptor expression across 2.1 million cells in multiple regions of the murine gut under specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) conditions. This atlas reveals expected and previously unidentified cell types-including a candidate murine homolog of human BEST4⁺ enterocytes-demonstrates cell-type regional specialization, discovers extensive location-dependent spatial fine-tuning in mucosal cell expression, and suggests cell-type-specific mediators of the effects of microbiota-derived small molecules. Additionally, this atlas reveals that, aside from immune cell abundance, many aspects of the murine gut are host-intrinsic and modified only modestly in the absence of a microbiota. Collectively, this atlas provides a valuable resource for understanding the cellular and spatial organization underlying small-molecule sensation in the gut.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGastrointestinal TractTranscriptomeAnimalsEnterocytesGene Expression ProfilingGerm-Free LifeHumansIntestinal MucosaMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrobiotaSpatial Transcriptomicsgastrointestinal tractgut microbiotaMERFISHsingle-cell transcriptomicsspatial transcriptomics

Identifiers

PMID41720094
PMCPMC12927598

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.