Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41719402›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Engineering controlled-release steroid therapeutics: fabrication and molecular design of self-assembled microparticles.

Oluwaseun D Akanbi, Michael L Felder, Daniel Kupor, Jiachen Feng, Luana Janaína de Campos, Lisa J Bain, Crystal Sanchez, Hanieh Safari, Thi Vo, Martin Conda-Sheridan and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Oluwaseun D AkanbiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7579-8075
Michael L FelderDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4917-117X
Daniel KuporDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9331-1454
Jiachen FengDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9138-975X
Luana Janaína de CamposDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8527-688X
Lisa J BainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1305-3901
Crystal SanchezDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7240-4210
Hanieh SafariDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9760-561X
Thi VoDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0953-4143
Martin Conda-SheridanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3568-2545
Omolola Eniola-AdefesoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8728-6608

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Steroids, specifically bile salts and corticosteroids, treat bile synthesis disorders, liver dysfunction, and inflammation. However, these water-soluble steroid drugs are rapidly cleared from the desired sites of action in the body, necessitating multiple doses. Therefore, the development of particle-based steroid medications that offer elongated therapeutic activity is of paramount medical importance. Accordingly, steroid microparticles were developed via three fabrication processes in this work, where a metal or an organic acid facilitates steroid microparticle formation. Particles fabricated using these methods exhibit consistent shape, size, and crystallinity. Furthermore, results from our coarse-grained computational model show that hydrogen bonding dictates steroid monomer-monomer interactions that determine overall particle shape and size. In addition, we demonstrate the ability to induce steroid particle formation and tune the morphology of steroid drug particles by replacing the C21 side group (tail) with chemical analogs. Thus, this study opens opportunities for the clinical translation of particle-based steroid therapeutics as an alternative to the current steroid drug formulations.

Indexed as

Delayed-Action PreparationsSteroidsDrug LiberationHydrogen BondingParticle SizeDelayed-Action PreparationsSteroids

Identifiers

PMID41719402
PMCPMC12922742

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.