Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41718895›Full record

ReviewPituitary2026

Cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes of GH replacement therapy in adults with GH deficiency - gender gaps.

Angelo Milioto, Daniela Esposito, Gudmundur Johannsson, Oskar Ragnarsson

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pituitary, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Angelo MiliotoInstitute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. angelo.milioto@gu.se.
Daniela EspositoInstitute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Gudmundur JohannssonInstitute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Oskar RagnarssonInstitute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with increased body fat mass, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, reduced exercise capacity, impaired cardiac function, reduced self-reported well-being, impaired quality of life, as well as increased morbidity. Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies, together with meta-analyses, have shown improved outcome in adult patients with hypopituitarism receiving GH, with a reassuring safety profile. Women with GH deficiency and hypopituitarism have greater morbidity and mortality than men, particularly in relation to metabolic and cardiovascular outcome. The response to GH replacement is also less favourable in women than in men. The reason for these differences in women and men with hypopituitarism is not entirely clear, but is likely related to the interaction between sex steroid and the somatotroph axis. In this narrative review we summarize the burden of GH deficiency in adults with hypopituitarism, and the impact of GH replacement, with focus on differences among women and men.

Indexed as

Hormone Replacement TherapyHuman Growth HormoneHypopituitarismAdultCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHumansMaleHuman Growth HormoneCardiovascularGrowth hormone deficiencyGrowth hormone replacement treatmentHypopituitarismMetabolismSex

Identifiers

PMID41718895
PMCPMC12923456

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.