ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2026
Prognostic significance and clinicopathological association of tumor budding and poorly differentiated clusters in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Funding
Abstract
This study examined the prognostic significance of tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) in 232 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (CM). Through retrospective analysis and Cox regression models, TB-3 and ulceration were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival, while AJCC stage IV and PDCs were associated with progression-free survival. Additionally, factors such as ulceration, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, TB-3, PDCs, non-brisk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and Breslow thickness were significantly linked to prognosis. A nomogram developed from these findings demonstrated strong predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.839). The results suggest that incorporating TB and PDCs into the current CM staging systems could enhance risk stratification and clinical decision-making.
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