Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41718551›Full record

ArticleGut microbes2026

Extracellular vesicles and their RNA cargo facilitate bidirectional cross-kingdom communication between human and bacterial cells.

Laura Gröger, Shusruto Rishik, Nicole Ludwig, Amila Beganovic, Marcus Koch, Stefanie Rheinheimer, Martin Hart, Petra König, Tabea Trampert, Pascal Paul and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Laura GrögerSaarland University (USAAR), Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1043-3910
Shusruto RishikSaarland University (USAAR), Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Nicole LudwigSaarland University (USAAR), Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Amila BeganovicSaarland University (USAAR), Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Marcus KochINM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Stefanie RheinheimerSaarland University (USAAR), Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Martin HartSaarland University (USAAR), Department of Human Genetics, Homburg, Germany.
Petra KönigHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.
Tabea TrampertHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.
Pascal PaulHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.
Annette BoeseHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.
Claus-Michael LehrHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.
Sören L BeckerSaarland University (USAAR), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Homburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3634-8802
Gregor FuhrmannHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.
Andreas KellerSaarland University (USAAR), Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Eckart MeeseSaarland University (USAAR), Department of Human Genetics, Homburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While extracellular vesicles (EVs) are established mediators of intra-species signaling, their contribution to cross-kingdom communication remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the EV-mediated interactions between human colon epithelial cells and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative gut bacteria. We show that bacterial EVs (BEVs) derived from

Indexed as

Epithelial CellsExtracellular VesiclesRNA, BacterialCaco-2 CellsEnterococcus faecalisHumansMicroRNAsMicroRNAsRNA, Bacterialbacteriacommunicationcross-kingdomEVExtracellular vesiclesmiRNA

Identifiers

PMID41718551
PMCPMC12928640

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.