ArticlePharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Addressing Pharmacy Admissions Declines Through a Student-Led Pre-Health Advising and Leadership System (PAALS): An Implementation Evaluation.
Article in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
To enhance PharmD student leadership and advocacy skills, combat the paucity of trained pre-health advisors for pharmacy admissions, augment community relationships, and increase pharmacy admissions volume, we designed, implemented, and assessed PAALS, a Pre-health Academic Advising and Leadership System. PAALS was grounded in Astin's Theory of Student Involvement and evaluated using the RE-AIM implementation science framework. RE-AIM measured outcomes across Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance as indicators of PAALS's scale, fidelity, sustainability, and institutional embedding. Analysis of PAALS using the RE-AIM framework demonstrated the following outcomes: (1) Reach: 42 P1-P3 PharmD students participated as mentors; external partnerships expanded from 2 to 8 regional high schools and community programs; and more than 25 mentored learners successfully matriculated into the PharmD program. (2) Effectiveness: students enacted sustained leadership, advocacy, and mentoring roles. (3) Adoption: voluntary uptake of mentoring and governance roles by PharmD students occurred with repeated engagement by external partner institutions. (4) Implementation: Core program components were delivered consistently using existing institutional resources. (5) Maintenance: PAALS remained operational across five academic years despite student turnover, with leadership succession and institutional embedding sustained across cohorts. Our findings demonstrate that student-led advising and advocacy ecosystems address critical gaps in pharmacy-specific pre-health advising models.
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