ArticleEndocrinology2026
Regulation of murine follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit transcription by newly identified enhancers.
Article in Endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Consensus Pituitary Atlas, a scalable resource for annotation, novel marker discovery, and analyses in mouse pituitary gland research.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Regulation of murine follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit transcription by newly identified enhancers.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Accessibility at a primed distal Fshb-Kcna4 super-enhancer is facilitated by Foxl2 during gonadotrope differentiation.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Regulation of murine follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit transcription by newly identified enhancers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
Activin-class ligands of the transforming growth factor β family induce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production by pituitary gonadotrope cells in mice via the actions of the transcription factors SMAD3, SMAD4, and FOXL2, which bind to cis-elements in the FSHβ subunit (Fshb) promoter. An enhancer region for murine Fshb transcription was identified in vitro. However, deletion of the region using CRISPR-Cas9 did not affect FSH synthesis or secretion in mice. Using single-nucleus ATAC-seq of whole murine pituitaries, we identified 3 additional open chromatin regions upstream of Fshb exclusively in gonadotropes. These regions, as well as the Fshb gene, were fully or partially closed in gonadotropes of FSH-deficient mice with genetically or pharmacologically inactivated activin type II receptors. The initially characterized enhancer region did not significantly alter basal or activin-stimulated murine Fshb promoter-reporter activity in homologous LβT2 cells. In contrast, the other 3 open chromatin regions enhanced basal and activin A-stimulated Fshb promoter-reporter activity in LβT2 cells, with the 2 most distal showing the greatest effects. These 2 regions were open, exhibited enrichment of the enhancer mark H3K27ac, and were bound by SMAD2/3 and FOXL2 in response to activin A in LβT2 cells. The most distal enhancer exhibited strong FOXL2 and weak SMAD4 binding in gel shift assays. SMAD4, but not FOXL2, directly bound the other distal enhancer. Mutation of defined FOXL2 and SMAD4 cis-elements diminished enhancer activity in reporter assays in LβT2 cells. Collectively, the data indicate that there may be as many as 4 activin-sensitive enhancers upstream of murine Fshb.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.