ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Maize Anther Development Involves Translated Open Reading Frames From 3' Untranslated Regions.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Few studies have explored the functions of peptides encoded by open reading frames (ORFs) in annotated noncoding regions, particularly the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). Although translated ORFs in 5' UTRs (5' ORFs) have been shown to inhibit translation of their corresponding main ORFs (mORFs), the roles of 3' ORFs remain poorly understood. This study analyzes translational regulation across ten developmental stages of maize (Zea mays) anthers and finds that peptides translated from 5' or 3' ORFs can represent misidentified isoforms, with 3' ORFs potentially linked to anther sterility. Notably, the cloned APV1 locus, whose mutation causes male sterility, exemplifies this relationship. Genome-wide translation profiles further reveal enrichment of photosynthesis-related genes during Phase III (the binucleate microspore stage). The presence of stomata and the observed low electron transport rate and net photosynthetic rate suggest that anthers assimilate CO
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