A Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Mitigating Car Sickness via Attention Shifting.

Car sickness, an enormous vehicular travel challenge, affects a significant proportion of the population. Pharmacological interventions are limited by adverse side effects, and effective nonpharmacological alternatives remain to be identified. Here, we introduce a novel attention-shifting method based on a closed-loop, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven, wearable mindfulness brain-computer interface (BCI) to alleviate car sickness. As the user performs an attentional task, i.e., focusing on breathing as in mindfulness, with a wearable headband, the BCI collects and analyzes electroencephalography (EEG) data via a convolutional neural network to assess the user's mindfulness state and provide real-time audiovisual feedback. This approach might sustainedly shift the user's attention from physiological discomfort toward the BCI-based mindfulness practices, thereby mitigating car sickness symptoms. The efficacy of the proposed method was rigorously evaluated in two real-world experiments, namely, short and long car rides, with a large cohort of more than 100 participants susceptible to car sickness. Remarkably, over 83% of the participants rated the BCI-based attention shifting as effective, with significant reductions in car sickness severity, particularly in individuals with severe symptoms. Furthermore, EEG data analysis revealed a neurobiological signature of car sickness, which provided mechanistic insights into the efficacy of the BCI-based attention shifting for alleviating car sickness. This study proposes a wearable, nonpharmacological intervention for car sickness, validated in a relatively large-scale study involving over 100 participants in real-world car riding. These findings, derived from a between-cohort comparison, support the potential of this approach to improve the travel experience for car sickness sufferers and represent a novel practical application of BCI technology.