ArticleAJO international2026
Association Between Self-Reported Smoking Behaviour and Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Article in AJO international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether smoking is associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects: Individuals with FECD in the Methods: Self-reported smoking behaviour was obtained from survey data. Primary outcomes assessed cigarette-related smoking behaviour among individuals with FECD compared to matched controls, and secondary outcomes evaluated the use of other tobacco and nicotine products. Conditional logistic and fixed-effects linear regression models were applied to examine binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results: The matched cohort included 13,409 participants (1,219 FECD cases and 12,190 controls). The odds of ever smoking ≥100 cigarettes did not differ between groups (OR=0.95, 95% CI=[0.85, 1.08], p=0.4). FECD cases reported a slightly shorter total duration of smoking (MD=-2.69, 95% CI=[-4.22, -1.15], p<0.01), although mean daily cigarette consumption did not differ significantly between groups (MD=-0.20, 95% CI=[-1.67, 1.27], p=0.8). Current smoking was less frequent among FECD cases (OR=0.58, 95% CI=[0.41, 0.81], p<0.01). No significant differences were observed for lifetime or current use of electronic nicotine products (p=0.4 and p=0.1), cigars or cigarillos (p=0.2 and p=0.4), hookah (p=1.0 and p=0.9), or smokeless tobacco (p=0.1 and p=0.9). Conclusions: This cross-sectional analysis of a large, nationally diverse cohort did not find evidence of an association between smoking behaviour and FECD, supporting emerging evidence that challenges the strength of this purported relationship. Nonetheless, these findings should not detract from the well-established systemic harms of smoking.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.