Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41717261›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in research metrics and analytics2026

Medical and biomedical research productivity in Bahrain: an analysis of gender differences and patterns over two decades.

Randah R Hamadeh, Enjy Khedr, Haitham Jahrami

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in research metrics and analytics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Randah R HamadehCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
Enjy KhedrCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
Haitham JahramiCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Gender disparities in medical and biomedical research productivity remain a critical issue globally, yet data from Arab countries, including Bahrain, are limited. This study examines gender differences in medical and biomedical research productivity in Bahrain over a two-decade period (2005-2024), focusing on publication rates, authorship patterns, journal quality, and collaboration trends. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, covering 5,445 publications from Bahraini institutions in the medical and biomedical fields. Data were filtered to include only articles and reviews. Books, conference papers, and retracted works were excluded. The variables included authorship positions (first, last, corresponding), journal quartiles, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), and collaboration types (institutional, national, regional, international). Gender was determined based on the authors' names and institutional and professional profiles. Descriptive statistics, Student's Results: The number of medical and biomedical publications in Bahrain increased fivefold from 2005 to 2024, comprising 80.1% of the articles and 12.8% of the reviews. Arabian Gulf University led institutional output (30.2% of total publications). Local journals accounted for 54.0% of the publications, with limited international visibility. Males from Bahrain dominated authorship (59.3% first, 68.3% last, 65.6% corresponding), whereas females comprised 36.0% of Bahraini authors on average. Male first authors from Bahrain were more prevalent in Q1 journals (58.3% vs. 41.7%) and international collaborations (40.7%). The female corresponding authors included more female Bahraini coauthors (mean 78.19% vs. 15.99% for males). Conclusion: Gender disparities in Bahrain's medical and biomedical research output underscore the need for targeted interventions to support female researchers, particularly in securing senior authorship and publishing in high-impact journals. Enhancing international collaboration and equitable resource allocation could further strengthen Bahrain's research landscape.

Indexed as

biomedicaldisparitygendermedicalresearch outputresearch productivityScopus

Identifiers

PMID41717261
PMCPMC12913561

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.