ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D): a case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Formation, Toxicity, and Analytical Techniques for Small-Molecule α-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Foods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are formed through non-enzymatic reactions between sugars and proteins or lipids, are abundant in diets high in processed foods and those cooked at high temperatures. Growing evidence suggests that dietary AGEs may contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance, thereby influencing the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary AGE intake and the risk of developing T2D in adults. Methods: This case-control study included 225 adults recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 450 healthy controls (18-60 years) recruited from Tabuk University Hospital. Dietary advanced glycation end product (AGE) intake was estimated using a proprietary scoring method based on the AGE content (kU/100 g) of 108 food items listed in a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes across tertiles of dietary AGE intake. Results: Among 675 participants (53% male; mean age = 38.13 ± 8.85 years; mean BMI = 26.85 ± 4.31 kg/m Conclusion: The findings indicate that higher dietary intake of AGEs is strongly associated with increased odds of type 2 diabetes, independent of major confounders. These results support growing evidence that diets rich in processed and high-heat-cooked foods contribute to metabolic disturbances and highlight the potential benefits of reducing AGE intake as part of diabetes prevention strategies. Further prospective and interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify the causal mechanisms involved.
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