ArticleiScience2026
NF-κB and STAT3 signaling uniquely stratify survival in female glioblastoma patients.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- STAT3 signaling inhibitors for cancer treatment.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2026Review
- Three Thiol-Reactive Reagents drive Synergistic Lethality in Glioblastoma cells.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying sex differences in glioblastoma (GBM) incidence, treatment response, and survival are not well understood. Increased activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is associated with shorter survival in GBM. We looked at the expression of NF-κB- or STAT3-related genes in GBM for evidence of a sex skew in activity. Survival analysis of male and female GBM patients revealed that NF-κB- or STAT3-related gene expression was correlated with shorter survival only in female patients. We further explored mechanisms of this sex effect in an established murine model of sex differences in GBM. Concordant with human data, female murine GBM cells expressed stronger signatures of NF-κB and STAT3 genes and exhibited stronger responses to pathway stimulation and inhibition than their male counterparts. This study illustrates the advantage of sex-stratified data analysis in the development of sex-informed treatments for greater precision in cancer treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.