Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41716731›Full record

ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2026

Exploring the mechanism of analogy and explicit instructions on self-efficacy, performance, and learning of golf putting task: Analysis of mental representation.

Saeed Nazari Kakvandi, Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah, Wing-Kai Lam, Narges Abdoli, Hesam Ramezanzade, Meysam Beik, Hassan Kordi, Fatemeh Najafian

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In one paragraph

Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Saeed Nazari KakvandiFaculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Morteza Homayounnia FirouzjahDepartment of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.
Wing-Kai LamInstitute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Narges AbdoliFaculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Hesam RamezanzadeSport Science, School of Humanities, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
Meysam BeikDepartment of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan KordiFaculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh NajafianFaculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous research has shown the structure of mental representation of learners modifies and develops during motor learning. However, few studies have examined the development of mental representation during various organization of practice. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of analogy and explicit instructions on learning of golf-putting task, along with self-efficacy and examined the structure of mental representation through the practice schedules. Thirty-six novice golfers were randomly divided into analogy instruction, explicit instruction and control group for learning golf putting tasks. They participated in five phases included pre-test, acquisition, retention, transfer 1 and transfer 2 (dual-task). The results of 3 × 5 (group x phase) mixed-design ANOVA, with repeated measures on the second factor revealed that the analogy group had higher self-efficacy in comparison to the explicit and control groups in all phases (P

Indexed as

Analogy learningExplicit learningImplicit learningMental representationMotor skill

Identifiers

PMID41716731
PMCPMC12915266

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.