ReviewJPRAS open2026
Facial bone aging: An update and literature review.
Review in JPRAS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The PATH Protocol for Integrated Facial Rejuvenation: A Preliminary Three-Patient Case Report Series and Narrative Review of the Literature.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Exploration of multidimensional associations between craniomaxillofacial and dental arch structures.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- A Dual-Phase Approach to Facial Rejuvenation Integrating Contouring and Ligamentous (CL Code) Anchoring With a Polycaprolactone-Based Collagen Stimulator.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Facial bone aging is a multifactorial process involving progressive skeletal remodeling, selective bone resorption, and architectural changes that contribute substantially to the aged facial appearance. Craniofacial skeletal changes occur throughout adult life with region-specific bone loss affecting the orbital rims, maxilla, and mandible. Aim: This review summarizes contemporary evidence on facial bone aging, with a focus on morphometric changes, imaging findings, and clinical implications between 2020 and 2023. Method: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library was conducted using predefined keywords related to facial bone aging, orbital remodeling, maxillary and mandibular resorption, mechanotransduction, and advanced imaging. Studies involving adult human subjects that reported quantitative or clearly described craniofacial skeletal changes using validated imaging or morphometric techniques were included. Case reports with ≤5 patients, non-craniofacial skeletal studies, purely soft-tissue analyses, and studies lacking primary data were excluded. Included studies were classified according to Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels. Results: Across the included studies, orbital enlargement averaged 15-20% by the 7th decade, maxillary height decreased by 8-15%, and mandibular angles increased by 3-7° Distinct resorption patterns were observed around the periorbital region, pyriform aperture, and alveolar processes. Women demonstrated greater orbital change, whereas men exhibited more pronounced mandibular remodeling. Ethnic, hormonal, and mechanotransduction-related loading factors contributed to interindividual variability. Key methodological characteristics and outcome measures of representative studies are summarized in Table 1. Conclusion: Facial bone aging represents a fundamental component of craniofacial aging with important implications for aesthetic, reconstructive, and dental practice. Advances in imaging and standardized morphometric analysis enable more precise characterization of region-specific skeletal changes, supporting evidence-based treatment planning and patient counseling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.