Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41716305›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in sports and active living2026

The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on pain and physical functions in patients with soft tissue injuries: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Cheryl Shu Ming Chia, Sai-Chuen Fu, Violet Man-Chi Ko, Josephine Wing Hei Lai, Meng Zhou, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung, Samuel Ka-Kin Ling

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Cheryl Shu Ming ChiaDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Sai-Chuen FuDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Violet Man-Chi KoOffice of Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Josephine Wing Hei LaiDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Meng ZhouDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Patrick Shu-Hang YungDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Samuel Ka-Kin LingDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Foot and ankle diseases are highly prevalent in both the general and athletic populations, frequently resulting in pain, impaired physical function, and a decreased quality of life. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) therapy has shown beneficial effects on pain by reducing inflammation and improving circulation, yet its efficacy in treating foot and ankle soft-tissue pathologies remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of PEMF therapy on pain and physical function among individuals with foot and ankle soft-tissue pathologies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across Medline, Embase, Emcare (Ovid Nursing & Allied Health), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Web of Science from database inception to May 15, 2025. Additional searches were performed using Google Scholar and clinical trial registries. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on pain and physical function outcomes. Results: Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs), comprising a total of 243 participants with a mean age of 48.79 years, were included in the review. In three of the four trials, PEMF therapy was administered alongside another conservative intervention, such as shockwave therapy, heel pads, or eccentric exercise, and compared to the conservative treatment alone. Only one study investigated the isolated effects of PEMF therapy vs. sham stimulation. Among the included studies, three reported statistically significant reductions in pain in the intervention groups compared to controls ( Conclusion: PEMF therapy appears safe and effective for reducing pain in individuals with various foot and ankle soft-tissue pathologies. However, the findings on the PEMF therapy in improving physical function remain inconclusive. Future research should focus on a large-scale, standardised setting, including the PEMF therapy protocol, to evaluate the efficacy of PEMF therapy on both pain and functional outcomes in this specific population. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251076499, PROSPERO CRD420251076499.

Indexed as

Achilles tendonankle sprainsfoot and anklepulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF)soft-tissue injuries/pathologytendinopathy

Identifiers

PMID41716305
PMCPMC12916110

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.