ArticleEuropean journal of midwifery2026
Development, content validation and piloting of a questionnaire on how midwives in Germany provide advice on early childhood allergy prevention in a health literacy responsive way.
Article in European journal of midwifery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPreventive behaviors in the first three years of life may reduce the onset of allergic conditions. Midwives support families closely during this time and hence could play a key role in strengthening parental health literacy regarding early childhood allergy prevention. The aim of this study was to develop, content-validate and pilot a questionnaire to improve the currently low level of evidence on practices, barriers and facilitators of providing advice on early childhood allergy prevention in a health literacy responsive way by midwives in Germany.
methodsWe developed a 64-item online questionnaire informed by the findings of a previous qualitative study. Subsequently, the content of the questionnaire was tested in cognitive interviews with midwives and public health experts. The focus was on: overall impression, comprehensibility, response options, relevance, completeness, and ideas for improvement. Then, two versions were piloted in two German federal states on acceptability and to learn more about recruiting midwives for research.
resultsData from the cognitive interviews (n=8) and the piloting (n=59) indicated that the questionnaire is understandable, feasible and relevant for the target group. Suggestions for improvement focused mainly on midwifery specific terms. The 'no answer' option was considered important for all questions. Response options appeared appropriate and scales were mostly fully used.
conclusionsFollowing minor adaptions, the questionnaire can now be applied on a larger scale, as a nationwide survey in Germany addressing all midwives. In order to reach midwives to participate in research, a multifaceted but personal approach seems advisable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.