ArticleVeterinary world2025
Standardized trimodal histopathological examination for microplastic detection and tissue-level assessment in green mussels (
Article in Veterinary world, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Microplastics (MPs) are persistent pollutants that build up in filter-feeding marine animals. Green mussels ( Materials and Methods: Sixty-one mussels were collected from three coastal sites near an industrial estate. Target tissues were processed using a novel isopropanol-based, xylene-free protocol to prevent MP loss. Serial sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, evaluated under polarized light, and analyzed for NR fluorescence. Particle confirmation required co-localization across all three methods. Histopathological lesions were scored semi-quantitatively, and statistical associations were assessed using Fisher's exact test, McNemar's test, and generalized estimating equations. Results: MP prevalence was 59.0% using light and polarized microscopy, 44.3% with NR fluorescence, and 39.3% with trimodal confirmation. The digestive tract showed the highest MP accumulation (64.1%), followed by the gills (33.3%) and the digestive glands (15.4%). Most MPs were irregular fragments (91.67%), mainly 10-100 μm in size. Mussel size was not significantly linked to MP contamination (p = 0.224). Notably, 88.9% of MP-positive tissues showed no observable histopathological changes; only 11.1% had mild to moderate lesions, including epithelial cell damage and hemocyte infiltration in digestive tracts, gills, and digestive glands. Conclusion: The standardized trimodal histopathological approach offers a reliable, fast, and xylene-free method for MP detection in
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