ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2026
Enhanced Efficacy of Laser-Activated Irrigation (Er,Cr:YSGG) in Eradicating Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in 3D-Printed Molar Replicas: A Pilot Study.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study compared the efficacy of Sonic (EDDY) and Er,Cr:YSGG (2780 nm) laser activation in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed in 3D-printed molar replicas with two mesial canals and one distal canal. MATERIALS AND
methodsAn in vitro design was implemented using 20 3D-printed mandibular molar replicas mimicking the natural canal morphology. Root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for 21 days to allow the development of a mature biofilm. Three irrigation protocols were tested: Conventional needle irrigation (CNI), EDDY sonic activation (SA), and Er,Cr:YSGG (2780 nm) laser activation (LA). The control group was irrigated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without activation. Residual bacterial load was quantified through colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Bacterial viability in the apical isthmus was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. A Student's t-test was performed to identify significant differences between CFU/mL values in groups, with significance set at 5% (p < 0.05).
resultsCFU counts of E. faecalis were significantly lower in the CNI, SA, and LA groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). In the SA and LA groups, bacterial counts were reduced to the lower detection limit (< log10 CFU/mL of 1.00), suggesting near-total bacterial elimination. qPCR and fluorescence microscopy corroborated these results, providing greater differentiation between the outcomes of sonic and laser activations.
conclusionsEr,Cr:YSGG (2780 nm) laser activation showed superior efficacy in endodontic disinfection by effectively eradicating E. faecalis biofilm, including in the challenging isthmus region, representing a promising method for complex root canal anatomies.
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