Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41715270›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

From Fiber Architecture to Functional Attachment: A Clinically Relevant, Mechanically Tunable Cardiac Patch.

Johannes Braig, Ross Kent, Ainitze Gereka Goienetxe, Nicolás Laita, Ming Wu, Miguel Ángel Martínez, Margarida Serra, Koen Janssens, Uzuri Urtaza, Eduardo Larequi and 22 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Johannes BraigDepartment of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers For Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-6154
Ross KentHematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Cancer Center Clínica Universidad De Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain.
Ainitze Gereka GoienetxeHematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Cancer Center Clínica Universidad De Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain.
Nicolás LaitaAragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A) University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Ming WuDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Miguel Ángel MartínezAragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A) University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Margarida SerraiBET, Instituto De Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
Koen JanssensDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Uzuri UrtazaHealth Spezialization, Leartiker S.Coop., Markina-Xemein, Spain.
Eduardo LarequiHematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Cancer Center Clínica Universidad De Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain.
Ilazki Anaut-LusarBiomedical Engineering Program, Technological Innovation Division, Cima Universidad de Navarra and, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria De Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Hilde GillijnsDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Michiel AlgoetDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Britt van KerkhofDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Maite van der KnaapDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Gerardo Cedillo-ServinDepartment of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Miguel CastilhoBiomaterial Engineering & Biofabrication, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Alain van MilRegenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Joost P G SluijterRegenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jos MaldaDepartment of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Piet ClausDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Peter H M BovendeerdDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Estefanía PeñaAragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A) University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Manuel DoblareAragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A) University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Wouter OosterlinckDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Stefan JanssensDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Ane M ZalduaHealth Spezialization, Leartiker S.Coop., Markina-Xemein, Spain.
Olalla Iglesias-GarcíaBiomedical Engineering Program, Technological Innovation Division, Cima Universidad de Navarra and, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria De Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Felipe PrósperBiomedical Engineering Program, Technological Innovation Division, Cima Universidad de Navarra and, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria De Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Manuel M Mazo VegaHematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Cancer Center Clínica Universidad De Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain.
Jürgen GrollDepartment of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers For Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany.
Tomasz JüngstDepartment of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers For Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2458-8713

Funding

ERA for Health Cardinnov RESCUE-2024/KIC/01627794H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions 801540H2020 Program HEAL 101056712H2020 Program TECHNOBEAT 668724Health-Holland 2022TKI2306EV-PROTECTHorizon 2020 Program BRAV∃ 874827INVESTTRA PID2022-142807OA-I00Joachim Herz Stiftung innovate!academyMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) through projects PLEC2021-008127Netherlands Organization for Scientific ResearchVOLVAD PID2022-142562OB-I00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Contractile engineered cardiac patches hold great potential for treating myocardial infarction, serving as biological ventricular assist devices (BioVADs). However, optimal design and attachment of cardiac patches remain insufficiently explored, although both are essential for the mechanical support of damaged hearts. This study presents a platform for personalized macroscale patches with a multi-zonal microarchitecture combining a regenerative zone for cell alignment, a stiff force transmission zone for load transfer, and an elastic attachment zone enabling integration. Based on computational modeling, the design is implemented using a custom G-code generator for melt electrowriting (MEW). Digital image correlation reveals up to a 2.6-fold strain difference between scaffold zones under physiological deformation, confirming zonal interplay. Biaxial testing with preconditioning shows scaffold mechanics replicating native myocardium properties up to 10% strain. For epicardial suture attachment, a reinforced outline enables shape-morphing and increases suture retention 2.16-fold. Dynamic BioVAD cultivation with fibrin-embedded cardiomyocytes significantly (p = 0.01) improves cell alignment versus controls. Finally, in a porcine myocardial infarction model, the BioVAD achieves complete epicardial attachment and vascular ingrowth within 7 days, compared to partial attachment in controls. This study highlights MEW as a versatile platform for tailoring cardiac scaffold mechanics to support tissue integration and cardiac function.

Indexed as

Mechanical PhenomenaTissue EngineeringTissue ScaffoldsAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaMyocardial InfarctionMyocardiumMyocytes, CardiacSwinebiomechanicscardiac patchcardiac tissue engineeringmelt electrowritingmyocardial infarction

Identifiers

PMID41715270
PMCPMC13003913

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.