Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41715130›Full record

ReviewCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2026

Economic evaluations of the primary prevention programs for viral hepatitis-related liver disease and liver cancer: a systematic literature review.

Milena Lewandowska, Shenghan Cai, Shalini Wijekulasuriya, Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani, Ann Carrigan, Stephen Goodall, Rose Boutros, Jacob George, Amany Zekry, Yvonne Zurynski

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Milena LewandowskaCentre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Sydney, Chippendale, NSW, 2008, Australia. milena.lewandowska@uts.edu.au.
Shenghan CaiCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Shalini WijekulasuriyaCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Putu Novi Arfirsta DharmayaniDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Ann CarriganCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Stephen GoodallCentre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Sydney, Chippendale, NSW, 2008, Australia.
Rose BoutrosStorr Liver Centre, the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Jacob GeorgeStorr Liver Centre, the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Amany ZekrySchool of Clinical Medicine, St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Yvonne ZurynskiCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Funding

Cancer Institute NSW 2021/ATRG2028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundViral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), significantly contributes to the global burden of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. This systematic review evaluates the cost-effectiveness of primary prevention strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease and liver cancer in high-income countries. MAIN TEXT: We systematically searched electronic databases (January 2013 to June 2024) for economic evaluations of HBV/HCV prevention strategies. Quality assessment used Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) guidelines. Analysis included model structures, assumptions, outcome measures, and cost-effectiveness findings. Twenty-one economic evaluations were included (13 USA, 8 Europe/ Canada). Most used Markov models with time horizons ranging from five years to lifetime. Universal screening was cost-effective across different populations, with Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) ranging from $11,378-$28,000 per Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) for universal HCV screening. Early HCV treatment (F0-F2) was cost-effective compared to delayed treatment. Universal HBV vaccination showed substantial economic benefits. Most interventions were cost-effective according to country-specific willingness-to-pay thresholds, though treatment costs remained a significant barrier to implementation.

conclusionsPrimary prevention strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease are generally cost-effective, particularly in high-risk populations. Universal screening and early treatment were associated with improved health outcomes, including reductions in hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and liver-related mortality. However, significant variations in methodological approaches limit direct comparability across studies and across countries.

Indexed as

Cost-effectivenessEconomic evaluationHepatitis BHepatitis CLiver cancerScreeningTreatmentVaccination

Identifiers

PMID41715130
PMCPMC13020026

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.