ArticleInfectious agents and cancer2026
Investigation of the presence of cervical human papillomavirus and the distribution of preinvasive lesions in patients using immunomodulators-Inosine Pranobex.
Article in Infectious agents and cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus treatment is known to benefit from humoral and cellular immunity. It has been demonstrated that the immunomodulatory drug Inosine Pranobex (IP) increases T-cell proliferation, the number and function of natural killer cells, and the levels of T helper 1-type cytokines, including IL-2 and IFN-γ. The objective was to assess the efficacy of Inosine Pranobex in clearing HPV and precancerous lesions, as well as its effectiveness in regressing precancerous lesions.
methodsA total of 624 patients with HPV positivity and/or cervical precancerous lesions who presented to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine between 2022 and 2025 were evaluated. Two groups were formed: patients using it and those not using it. For patients enrolled in a given year, the results obtained in the subsequent year were considered the one-year follow-up outcomes. One-year follow-up results were analyzed.
resultsHPV clearance rate was significantly higher in the Inosine Pranobex group compared to the control group (68.1% vs. 39.6%, p = 0.001). Viral clearance rates were significantly higher in the IP group, particularly for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, including HPV 16, HPV 18, and HPV 45. Similarly, IP treatment significantly increased HPV clearance in smokers. Regression rates of cervical lesions were higher in the Inosine Pranobex group, particularly in low-grade lesions, although the difference was not statistically significant.
conclusionsInosine Pranobex reduces viral load and contributes to the regression of cervical lesions thanks to its antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in HPV infections. In clinical studies, a significant increase in viral clearance rates was observed during treatment. These findings indicate that the drug can be used as a complementary treatment in HPV-related pathologies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.