ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2026
Evaluating the DALY impact of disease associated with second-hand smoke exposure in different socio-demographic index regions.
Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) remains a major global health concern, exposing individuals to toxic compounds that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and respiratory illnesses. This study aims to assess the global burden of disease attributable to SHS by analyzing Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) across Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions. This study utilized secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) database, analyzing epidemiological metrics across 204 countries. The SDI was applied to assess disparities, and SHS exposure was defined based on household and workplace factors. Statistical analyses estimated the burden of SHS-associated diseases, stratified by demographic and socioeconomic categories, with results mapped globally using ArcGIS. Globally, ischemic heart disease posed a greater burden on males (131.31 DALY) compared to females (96.42 DALY), while diabetes mellitus and stroke affected females more (46.99 and 84.05 DALY, respectively). COPD exhibited the highest DALY rates in low-middle SDI regions (males: 129.85; females: 124.42), whereas high-income regions had the lowest burden. Diabetes mellitus showed a rising trend across SDI regions, with females in middle and high-middle SDI regions experiencing the highest YLDs. The analysis reveals significant disparities in disease burden from secondhand smoke exposure across regions and sexes. The findings highlight the sex-specific and regional variations in disease burden, underscoring the need for targeted health interventions and tobacco control strategies.
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