ArticleMolecular imaging and biology2026
Template-Directed RIG-I Agonist Assembly for Image-guided Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy.
Article in Molecular imaging and biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTumor-specific immunotherapies selectively target tumor cells with reduced toxicity compared to conventional treatments. Pattern recognition receptors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors, have been used to induce broad antitumor responses but their off-target effects and delivery issues hinder their clinical translation. To overcome these challenges, we present a strategy that involves the intracellular assembly of the RIG-I agonist on a tumor-specific RNA template (e.g., miRNA-21) by delivering a 5'-triphosphate single-stranded RNA RIG-I agonist (RIGA-miRNA-21) by a superparamagnetic nanoparticle carrier (TTX) to initiate specific RIG-I signaling and antitumor immune responses. Magnetic properties of TTX enable its detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) supporting the concept of image-guided therapy. PROCEDURES: A single-stranded anti-miR-21 5'-triphosphate RIG-I agonist was conjugated to the dextran coat of the nanoparticles through disulfide bonds producing TTX-RIGA-miR-21 and tested in vitro and in vivo in B16-F10 melanoma model. Delivery of the TTX carrier was demonstrated in mice bearing B16-F10 tumors by MRI. Therapeutic studies included intravenous injections of TTX-RIGA-miR-21 or controls for 7 days starting on Day 4 after tumor implantation. On Day 15, animals were rechallenged with additional B16-F10 cells implanted on the opposite side.
resultsWe demonstrated that TTX-RIGA-miR21 was able to induce miRNA-21-dependent RIG-I signaling and apoptosis in melanoma cells, inhibit tumor growth, and induce immunity against tumor rechallenge in an animal model.
conclusionsOur template-driven approach brings RIG-I closer to becoming a clinically relevant target in oncology by specifically activating immune responses within tumor cells through systemic RIG-I agonist delivery.
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