Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41714393›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Sustainable removal of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution via agro-waste derived biochar.

Salah Ud Din, Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary, Saedah R Al-Mhyawi, Hamad AlMohamadi, Nuha Y Elamin, Ibtehaj F Alshdoukhi, Favour Abumere Imohiosen, Edwin A Ofudje, Jamelah S Al-Otaibi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Salah Ud DinDepartment of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Khairia Mohammed Al-AhmaryDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saedah R Al-MhyawiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hamad AlMohamadiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Nuha Y ElaminDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Ibtehaj F AlshdoukhiDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Favour Abumere ImohiosenDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria. favourabumereimohiosen@gmail.com.
Edwin A OfudjeDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Jamelah S Al-OtaibiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia PNURSP2025R13
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work explores agro-waste biochar derived from corn cob as a low-cost and sustainable adsorbent for the uptake of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The novelty of this study lies in the combined use of acid-washed corn cob precursors, inclusive structure–property–performance analysis, and evaluation under environmentally relevant concentration ranges, signifying that corncob biochar can achieve considerable adsorption performance without chemical activation. The biochar was produced via pyrolysis and characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to assess the effects of pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage on the metal ions sorption. FT-IR assessment confirmed the participation of –OH, C = O, and C–O functional groups in metal binding, while SEM images indicated a porous surface that became agglomerated after adsorption. Optimal removal efficiencies were achieved at pH 4.5 for Cd(II) and pH 5.0 for Cr(VI), with lower biochar dosages (0.35 g for Cd(II) and 0.3 g for Cr(VI)) enhancing adsorption due to increased availability of active sites. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, with maximum capacities of 70.2 mg/g for Cd(II) and 55.4 mg/g for Cr(VI). Thermodynamic analyses indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism is assigned to hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and ion-exchange interactions between metal ions and biochar functional groups. These findings demonstrate that corn cob biochar is an efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent for heavy metal remediation from wastewater.

Indexed as

CadmiumCharcoalChromiumWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater PurificationAdsorptionAgricultureHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationKineticsSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredTemperatureZea maysbiocharCadmiumCharcoalChromiumchromium hexavalent ionWater Pollutants, ChemicalAdsorptionBiocharCorn cobHeavy metalWastewater

Identifiers

PMID41714393
PMCPMC13013715

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.