ArticleEye (London, England)2026
Influence of inflammatory and metabolic factors on keratoconus risk: a causal inference analysis.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bridging inflammation, metabolism, and mechanics in keratoconus: a mechanistic perspective.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Multi-omics Mendelian randomization analysis identifies SPATA20 as a cross-omic target in primary open angle glaucoma.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Explainable neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence for automated interpretation of corneal topography and early keratoconus detection.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKeratoconus is a complex disease of the cornea, in part caused by environmental exposures whose nature is not fully understood.
methodsThis study relied on previously published results from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry. Summary statistics of available genome-wide association studies on atopy, chronic inflammatory disease and serum glucose levels; results were paired with genomic association results for keratoconus into a well-powered and hypothesis-driven Mendelian Randomisation to statistically test the causal role that may have over keratoconus risk.
resultsOur results confirm a higher risk of keratoconus in patients having any atopic disease (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.52-2.22), but also other chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (OR
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