Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41714338›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Innovative sodium benzoate-modified hydroxyapatite for enhanced dye removal using a combined experimental and DFT approach.

Ali Boukra, Omar Boukra, Souhayla Latifi, Sanaâ Saoiabi, Mohammed Merzouki, Miloud El Karbane, Khalil Azzaoui, Shehdeh Jodeh, Belkheir Hammouti, Solhe F Alshahateet and 2 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ali BoukraLaboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Omar BoukraLaboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Souhayla LatifiLaboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Sanaâ SaoiabiLaboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. s.saoiabi@yahoo.com.
Mohammed MerzoukiLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences Oujda, Mohamed 1er University, Oujda, Morocco.
Miloud El KarbaneDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Soussi, Rabat, Morocco.
Khalil AzzaouiEngineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco.
Shehdeh JodehDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P. O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine. sjodeh@najah.edu.
Belkheir HammoutiEuromed University of Fes, UEMF, Fez, Morocco.
Solhe F AlshahateetDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
Larbi RhaziUniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ECLORE, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France.
Hatem A AbuelizzDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents the development of a novel adsorbent based on hydroxyapatite (CaHAp) grafted with sodium benzoate (SB) at varying proportions (5%, 10%, 15%) via a double decomposition method. Structural and chemical characterizations (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA/DTA) confirmed the successful integration of SB, with noticeable improvements in crystallinity (+ 10%), porosity, and thermal stability compared to pristine CaHAp. Adsorption experiments using methylene blue (MB⁺) as a model pollutant showed that the CaHAp-(SB)15 composite achieved an adsorption efficiency of 90%. The adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm (R² > 0.96) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² > 0.99), indicating monolayer chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Increasing SB content correlated with a significant rise in adsorption capacity from 5.41 to 9.42 mg·g⁻¹, demonstrating the role of –CO2⁻ groups in enhancing electrostatic interactions with cationic MB⁺. DFT simulations supported the experimental findings, showing favorable interactions between SB and CaHAp at both molecular and atomic levels, particularly through non-covalent forces such as van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. This combined theoretical–experimental approach highlights CaHAp-(SB)15 as a promising, low-cost, and eco-friendly adsorbent for dye-contaminated wastewater, offering high efficiency, reproducibility, and environmental compatibility.

Indexed as

AdsorptionClean water and sanitationDFTHydroxyapatiteMethylene blue adsorptionWater treatment

Identifiers

PMID41714338
PMCPMC13018481

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