Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41714142›Full record

ArticleeNeuro2026

Dynamic Encoding of Reward Prediction Error Signals in the Pigeon Ventral Tegmental Area during Reinforcement Learning.

Zhigang Shang, Jiashuo Zhang, Mengmeng Li, Suchen Li, Yinghui Wang, Lifang Yang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in eNeuro, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhigang ShangSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Jiashuo ZhangSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Mengmeng LiSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2788-0314
Suchen LiSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Yinghui WangSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Lifang YangSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China lifang_yang1014@zzu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reward prediction errors (RPEs) guide learning by comparing expected and obtained outcomes. In mammals, ventral tegmental area (VTA) activity is closely linked to RPE-like signaling, yet how avian VTA dynamics evolve during reinforcement learning remains less well characterized. Here we recorded VTA spiking in pigeons (two females and one male) performing a cue-guided operant task in which a green cue (cue

Indexed as

NeuronsReinforcement, PsychologyRewardVentral Tegmental AreaAction PotentialsAnimalsColumbidaeConditioning, OperantCuesFemaleMaledynamic encodingpigeonreward prediction errorspikeventral tegmental area

Identifiers

PMID41714142
PMCPMC12959852

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.