ArticleSleep medicine2026
Sleep physiology associated with cognitive disengagement syndrome in adolescents with and without ADHD.
Article in Sleep medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Four-Dimensional Model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Toward Improved Recognition of Female ADHD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-informant Examination of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Relation to Sleep and Circadian Preference in Early Adolescents.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is an attentional phenotype characterized by excessive daydreaming and hypoactivity that is distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Emerging research finds poorer sleep functioning to be associated with CDS symptoms, though few studies have used objective sleep methods such as polysomnography (PSG). This multi-informant, multi-method study examines whether PSG-assessed sleep physiology indices and subjective sleep quality/circadian preference are associated with CDS severity in adolescents with and without ADHD.
methodsParticipants were 62 medication-free adolescents (ages 13-17, 50% female), half with ADHD and half were non-psychiatric controls. Adolescents completed 3 consecutive nights of ambulatory PSG and measures of sleep quality and circadian preference. Parents completed measures of CDS and ADHD severity. Partial Pearson correlations covarying for age, sex, and pubertal status examined sleep physiology, sleep quality, and circadian preference in relation to CDS. Linear regressions explored whether associations differed by group.
resultsAdolescents with ADHD displayed greater CDS severity than controls. Longer PSG-measured latency to persistent sleep, greater wake after sleep onset and percentage of stage 1 (N1) sleep, and reduced sleep efficiency and total sleep time were associated with greater CDS severity. Poorer subjective sleep quality and greater eveningness were also associated with greater CDS severity. Findings were largely unchanged in sensitivity analyses controlling for ADHD severity. Associations between sleep and CDS did not differ between adolescents with ADHD compared to non-psychiatric controls.
conclusionAlthough adolescents with ADHD exhibited greater CDS severity than controls, PSG-assessed sleep physiology indices were associated with greater parent-reported CDS symptoms irrespective of diagnostic group. Longitudinal and experimental research is needed to replicate and extend findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.