ArticleJACC. Advances2026
Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization Among Veterans: A Sex-Based Analysis.
Article in JACC. Advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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17 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundVeterans are at an increased cardiovascular risk compared to age- and sex-matched non-Veterans. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease, but its use in men and women Veterans is not well understood.
objectivesThis study aimed to examine CR participation by sex and socioeconomic status among Veterans.
methodsThe authors conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023, using a national electronic health record database. The primary outcome was participation in at least 1 CR session among patients within 1 year of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass surgery. Multivariable logistic regression models accounted for patient-level (demographics, medical/psychiatric comorbidities) and community-level factors. Area deprivation indices (ADIs) (analyzed as quartiles) assessed socioeconomic status.
resultsAmong 82,496 CR-eligible Veterans (3.6% women), CR participation was low (10.4%) and similar by sex (women = 10.2%, men = 10.4%). Women Veterans did not differ significantly in CR participation compared to men Veterans after adjusting for patient-level and community-level characteristics, including age, race, cardiac and comorbidities, mental health risk factors, rural-urban status, and ADI (adjusted OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.79-1.03; P = 0.121). Veterans in the most deprived ADI quartile were less likely to participate vs the least deprived quartile (adjusted OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.89; P < 0.001).
conclusionsCR participation among U.S. Veterans remains low, far below that of the Medicare population (10.4% vs 28%), with no significant differences in initiation by sex. However, low socioeconomic status is associated with decreased uptake. Further research is needed to explore innovative, Veteran-specific CR delivery models.
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