Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41713014›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2026

Genetic evolution and pathogenicity analysis of two natural recombinant isolates of avian influenza.

Shihong Yan, Chenqi Hu, Hongyang Li, Xinyu Zhang, Qiulu Wei, Huimin Chen, Dianfeng Chu, Qiao Liu, Ruijing Su, Ji-Long Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Shihong YanFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: shihongyan0106@163.com.
Chenqi HuFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Hongyang LiFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Xinyu ZhangFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Qiulu WeiFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Huimin ChenFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Dianfeng ChuYEBIO Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, 266000, China.
Qiao LiuFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Ruijing SuFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Ji-Long ChenFujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: chenjilong@fafu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Avian influenza virus (AIV) reassortment plays a crucial role in viral evolution, contributing to genetic diversity and expanding host range. Among low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), H9 and H6 subtypes are widely prevalent and have significant potential for gene reassortment. In this study, two H6 subtype and seven H9 subtype LPAIVs were isolated and characterized from poultry in Fujian, China. Notably, the two viruses H6N2-C5 and H9N2-C1 shared identical seven gene segments except for the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, with H6N2-C5 carrying the HA gene from an H6N6 virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct lineages for H6 and H9 viruses, with divergence from commercial vaccine strains. Both H6N2-C5 and H9N2-C1 strains exhibited the ability to replicate efficiently in multiple mammalian and avian cell lines. Animal infection experiments demonstrated that both viruses caused mild to moderate respiratory symptoms in chickens, Muscovy ducks, and mice. H6N2-C5 showed broader tissue tropism and higher viral loads, including neurotropism in mice, while co-infection intensified pathological damage. These findings highlight the active reassortment and cross-species adaptability of H9 and H6 LPAIVs, emphasizing the necessity for continuous surveillance to mitigate their potential threat to animal and public health.

Indexed as

ChickensDucksEvolution, MolecularInfluenza A virusInfluenza in BirdsPoultry DiseasesReassortant VirusesAnimalsChinaInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeMicePhylogenyVirulenceAIVCross-species transmissionGenetic evolutionPathogenicityReassortment

Identifiers

PMID41713014
PMCPMC12933463

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.